Sterilization of surgical materials and instruments
Physical sterilization Thermal Points to be considered Dry heat sterilization Methods Filtration Radiation Chemical sterilization Chemical sterilization by gases Agents in solution form Alcohol Aldehyde Formaldehyde and flutasaldehyde (cidex, parvo cide ) Formaldehyde Oxidizing agent e.g. Halogens Surfactants – Soaps, detergents Phenolic derivatives – carbolic acid
Sterilization of surgical instruments and equipments
It is used to sterilize those materials for which moist heat cannot be used either due to deleterious effects on the material or material being impermeable to steam e.g: oils, powders, glass, etc.
Topography
Topography of the forestomachs and abomasum is incorporated in descriptions of approach (e.g. left flank laparotomy, traumatic reticulitis)
Classical swine fever (Cause, symptoms, treatment)
• Highly contagious viral disease of pigs of all ages, characterized by rapid and sudden onset, high mortality, and morbidity with generalized hemorrhages of internal organs.
Rumenotomy in cattle
Rumenotomy is indicated for vagal indigestion, hardware disease, rumen acidosis, and some forms of choke. Rumenotomy allows exploration of the rumen, reticulum, and parts of the omasum.
Artificial insemination (AI) techniques in cow
The technique of inseminating a cow is a skill requiring adequate knowledge, experience, and patience. Improper AI techniques can negate all other efforts to obtain conception.
Infertility in cow. Why is your cow struggling to conceive?
A cow is infertile when it is unable to deliver a viable egg, conceive after a successful mating, or carry a pregnancy to term and deliver a healthy calf.
Ketosis in different farm animals
Nutritional or metabolic deficiency in high-yielding cows in early lactation results in negative energy balance.
Postparturient hemoglobinuria (PPH) in animals
A disease of high-producing dairy cows occurring soon after calving. It is also called postparturient hemoglobinuria and is characterized by intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and anemia. Etiology a. Ration low in P, hay and grass from low P area, draughtb. Cu deficiency (incidence reduced when supplemented) Precipitating factor b. Grazing Brassica sp. plants, rape and turnip […]
Malignant catarrhal fever (cause, symptoms, treatment)
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease of cattle characterized by catarrhal inflammation of the nasal and oral mucosa, keratoconjunctivitis, encephalitis, rapid dehydration, and generalized enlargement of lymph nodes.
The disease is usually sporadic.
The disease is worldwide distributed and prevalent in both temperate and tropical zones.