Storage and Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables

Postharvest loss is the measurable quantitative and qualitative loss occurring in the food supply chain from the time of harvest to final consumption. It includes loss in weight, nutritional value, economic value, and edibility.

Types of Pruning for Mature Fruit Trees

Pruning is essential to maintain healthy fruit trees, encourage optimal growth, and improve fruit quality. In mature fruit trees, there are three main methods of top pruning: Heading Back, Thinning Out, and Pinching (Disbudding). Each technique serves a distinct purpose and contributes to the tree’s structural health, growth, and productivity. 1. Heading Back Heading back […]

Training Systems in Orchards: Central Leader, Open Centre, and Modified Leader

Tree training systems are essential for shaping the growth, productivity, and longevity of fruit-bearing trees in an orchard. Selecting the right system impacts not only tree structure but also influences light penetration, air circulation, and the efficiency of orchard management practices such as pruning, spraying, and harvesting. Three commonly adopted training systems are the Central […]

Walnut Cultivation: Best Practices for High Yields

Walnut is the most important temperate nut fruit of the country with incredible health benefits. North Himalayan region is popular for walnut cultivation, The seeding trees attain giant size and start bearing nuts of the variable sizes and shapes after 10-15 years where as vegetative propagated plants are true to type on produce almost uniform […]

Okra fruit and shoot borer

Earias vittella (Lepidoptera)
Adults are light green to brown in color which have green color stripes in forewing.

Pest of Chilli

Scientific Name: Scirtothrips dorsalis

Order: Thysanoptera

Family: Thripidae

Seed Certification System in Nepal: Process, Importance, and Types of Seeds

Abstract: Seed certification is a regulatory process designed to maintain and make available high-quality seeds and propagating material of superior crop varieties, grown and distributed to ensure genetic identity and purity. A well-organized seed certification system helps in maintaining the identity and purity of varieties, establishing, and maintaining reasonable standards of seed quality, and facilitating […]

Report , Fish Farming in Nepal

The abundant availability of water resources makes Nepal a country with the potential for fish farming. Fish farming is sustainable and environment friendly cultivation practice, generally raised naturally in fish tanks or artificial enclosures. The commonly cultivated breeds are Silver carp, Bighead carp, Grass carp, Rohu, Catla, Mrigal, and Rainbow trout.