Postparturient hemoglobinuria (PPH) in animals
A disease of high-producing dairy cows occurring soon after calving. It is also called postparturient hemoglobinuria and is characterized by intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and anemia. Etiology a. Ration low in P, hay and grass from low P area, draughtb. Cu deficiency (incidence reduced when supplemented) Precipitating factor b. Grazing Brassica sp. plants, rape and turnip […]
Malignant catarrhal fever (cause, symptoms, treatment)
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease of cattle characterized by catarrhal inflammation of the nasal and oral mucosa, keratoconjunctivitis, encephalitis, rapid dehydration, and generalized enlargement of lymph nodes.
The disease is usually sporadic.
The disease is worldwide distributed and prevalent in both temperate and tropical zones.
Peste des petits ruminants, PPR (cause, symptoms, treatment)
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious, acute, or subacute viral disease of goats and sheep.
Biosynthesis of Jasmonic acid, Salicylic acid & Brassinosteroids & their physiological roles
Brassinosteroids: Brassinosteroids are a recently discovered group of steroids that have distinct growth-promoting activity in some plants especially in stems. These compounds were first isolated in 1979 from bee collected pollen of rapeseed (Brassica napus). Undoubtedly, Brassinolide was the first isolated brassinosteroid. More than 70 brassinosteroid compounds have been isolated from plants. Site of synthesis: […]
Bluetongue disease (Cause, symptoms, and control)
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the double-stranded RNA virus, species of the Orbivirus genus, family Reoviridae.
System of planting of horticultural crops
Square system of planting: It is a widely adopted method of planting and is easy to perform. In this system, we divide the plots in squares and then we plant trees at the four corners of the square. Thus the distance between row to row and plant to plant becomes the same. Advantages: Disadvantages: Rectangular […]
Osteomalacia (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)
Softening of mature bone due to extensive resorption and failure of mineralization of newly formed matrix. There is no enlargement at the ends of long bones but spontaneous fracture.
Plant Hormones: Definition, Types, Biosynthesis & Biological roles
Plant hormones: Plant hormones are organic substances produces naturally in less concentration that controls growth and other physiological activities at a site in the plant other than its place of synthesis. Auxin, Gibberellin, and Cytokinin promote growth and are growth regulators. Abscisic acid inhibits growth so it is a growth inhibitor. Ethylene is a fruit […]
FMD (Foot and Mouth Disease ), cause, symptoms, treatment
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is an acute, febrile, highly contagious disease of almost all cloven-hoofed animals characterized by the formation of vesicles (fluid-filled blisters) and erosions in the mouth, nose, teats, and feet with high morbidity and low mortality.
Rinderpest (Etiology, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and control)
Rinderpest or cattle plague is an acute, highly contagious virus disease, primarily of cattle and to a lesser degree of sheep, goats, and wild ruminants.
This disease is characterized by necrosis and erosions of the mucosa