Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) [Etiology, transmission, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and control]
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and mucosal disease (MD) are clinically dissimilar disease syndromes and were originally described as separate diseases, but they are now known to have a common viral etiology.
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
It is an acute highly contagious viral disease of cattle characterized by high temperature, rhinitis, dyspnoea, abortion, meningoencephalitis, keratoconjunctivitis, and pustular vulvovaginitis.
BACTERIAL GROWTH AND NUTRITION
Bacterial Growth Generation Time Time required for a bacterium to give rise to two daughter cells under optimum conditions. • For Escherichia coli and most of the other pathogenic bacteria, -it is 20 minutes; • For Mycobacterium tuberculosis: It is 14 hours • For Mycobacterium leprae: It is 12–13 days Bacterial Count • Total count: […]
Osteodystrophia Fibrosa (Causes, symptoms, and treatment)
• This is a general term for the diseases of bone which may be due to failure of normal development or abnormal metabolism of the mature bone.
LACTATION TETANY IN MARES
Severe cases -sweat profusely, difficulty in moving because of tetany and in-coordination, stiff gait, the tail is slightly raised, rapid violent respiration, wide dilatation of nostrils, distinct thumping sound from the chest(due to spasm of the diaphragm), muscular fibrillation-masseter trismus, no prolapse of membrane nictitans.
Downer cow syndrome in cattle
• Downer – unable to rise after 24 hrs and after 2 Calcium treatments. • Usually occurs as a complication following hypocalcaemic parturient paresis. Characterized clinically by, Prolonged recumbency even after 2 successive Ca therapy Down at least for 24 hrs without any apparent reason Traumatic injury to limb muscles and nerves Ischemic necrosis of […]
ACUTE PARTURIENT HYPOCALCEMIA IN BITCHES
It is a metabolic disease occurring commonly in young bitches within 2-10 days of whelping and clinically characterized by restlessness, excitement, panting, and tonic-clonic convulsions.
ACUTE PARTURIENT HYPOCALCAEMIA IN GOATS
A depression of ionized calcium in tissue fluid is the basic biochemical defect in acute parturient hypocalcemia.
Different types of microscopes used in microbiology
Principle: In a dark field microscope, the object appears bright against a dark background. This is made possible by the use of a special darkfield condenser.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics is derived from two words: Pharmaconmeaning drug and kinesis meaning movement.