Antiseptic and Disinfectant
Antiseptic: It is an agent used to eliminate microorganisms on living tissues.
Disinfectant: It is an agent used to eliminate microorganisms on inanimate objects.
Anti-fungal drugs: Introduction, classification and mechanism of action
The use of antifungal drugs in human and veterinary medicine has increased in recent years.
Antiviral drugs: Introduction, classification and mode of action
with virus-specific events in replication, including viral attachment, uncoating, assembly, and virus-directed macromolecular synthesis. As a result, antiviral agents typically have a restricted spectrum of activity.
Causes of cell injuries and cell death
Etiology is the study of cause of disease. It gives precise causal diagnosis of any disease. Broadly, the cause of diseases can be divided into two:
a. Intrinsic causes b. Extrinsic causes
Cell death; Necrosis and apoptosis
Cell death, the ultimate result of cell injury, is one of the most important events in pathology, affects every type of cell, and is the main result of ischemia (lack of blood flow), infections, toxins, and immune reactions. There are two main patterns of cell death: necrosis and apoptosis.
Introduction to Pathology and related terminologies
Pathology is the study of the anatomical, chemical and physiological alterations from normal as a result of disease in animals. It is a key subject because it forms a vital bridge between preclinical sciences (Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry) and clinical branches of medicine and surgery. Pathology is derived from the Greek word pathos = disease, logos= study. It has many branches.
Antiprotozoal drugs
Benzimidazoles bind to β-tubulin within a variety of helminths and protozoa. This leads to inhibition of tubulin polymerization and the formation of microtubules, with impaired cell division.
Bacteria, General morphology, and structural components
Prokaryotic cells almost always are bounded by a fairly rigid and chemically complex structure present between the cell membrane and capsule/slime layer called the cell wall.
The shape of bacteria (Coccus, Bacillus, Spirochete, Actinomycetes)
Depending upon the shape, bacteria are classified into several types.